ABSTRACT
Increasing application on account of the rapid progress made by artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has brought upon a progressive paradigm shift. By combining relevant AI architectures with digitized data acquisition and sophisticated data validation techniques, AI-based technologies are expanding to unchartered areas. This chapter focuses on understanding recent novel innovations and practical clinical applications of AI in aiding the conventional healthcare industry. Breakthrough AI-based platforms that aid in critical sectors of the healthcare industry like disease diagnosis, robot-assisted surgery, patient rehabilitation, and use of smartphones/smart wearables for health monitoring and AI’s role in controlling and tackling COVID-19 like pandemics are summarized. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The advent of antibiotics in the 19th century has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. However, irrational use of antibiotics in humans as well as in animals has driven the 21st century to the rapid emergence of MultiDrug Resistance Bacteria (MRB). Moreover, the dissemination of COVID-19 pandemic has paved the way for MRB, typically due to increased use of antibiotics to avoid secondary infections. The fast pace progression of bacterial resistance for the antibiotics and their combinations is making the management of MRB infections tough and increasing the cost of the treatment as well. However, use of Efflux Pump Inhibitors (EPI) as adjuvant for antibiotics has shown a ray of hope by retaining the susceptibility of the antibiotics and thereby reducing the burden of immediate requirement of new antibiotics for MRB. Accordingly, the present paper is aimed to scrutinize the predominant literature depicting the plant Phyto-constituents as an EPI and adjuvant for antibiotics in the management of MRB infections. The systematic review of the present paper indicates that the plant phyto-constituents belonging to the class of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids can effectively be used as EPIs for antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol. Bibliometric analysis indicates that the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy and BMC Complementary & Alternative Medicine have published impactful articles on EPI potential of plant phyto-constituents. Further, authors Kuete V, Dzotam JK, Falcao-silva VD, Gibbons S, Kuiate JR, Mbaveng AT, Tankeo SB and Voukeng IK are the major contributors and productive authors.
ABSTRACT
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has affected the globe on an unprecedented scale, bringing the world to its knees. Healthcare systems across the globe have been placed under severe levels of stress due to the rising number of infections, especially in India. This paper aims to study the availability of healthcare resources in India in terms of infrastructure and human resources, in order to understand the dangers posed by increasing coronavirus infections. Prediction models have also been built to capture the trend in the rising number of confirmed cases for COVID-19. Data on the healthcare infrastructure and human resources for India have been analyzed and compared with the World Health Organization’s recommendations for the same. Prediction models, namely long short-term memory, ARIMA, Prophet, and exponential smoothing, have been used to make short-term predictions for COVID-19 cases. This paper finds that only 14% of India’s states have sufficient number of hospital beds and 50% have sufficient number of doctors. All of the models predicted a continued increase in the number of cases, with the ARIMA model performing the best. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.